Faith Integration in Online Programs: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Fostering Confidence Among Adjunct Faculty

Authors

Keywords:

Faith integration, self-efficacy, adjunct faculty, confidence, online

Abstract

Most higher education institutions have made a commitment to providing high quality online classes or perhaps even fully online programs in order to keep up with the market demand for flexible learning environments. Administrators, directors, curriculum writers, and full-time faculty members are often very immersed in the work of faith integration and connections to institutional identity while ancillary or adjunct instructors do not always report the same level of confidence in this area of their teaching. A conceptual framework that draws on self-efficacy theory and the community of inquiry model can provide a foundation regarding ways to support adjunct faculty in the direction of confidently integrating their faith in the online classroom. The authors are both directors of online Master of Arts programs in a faith-based institution and have worked to create professional development and assessment measures to bolster self-efficacy among adjunct instructors. Many adjunct instructors lack confidence in the area of faith integration due to primarily and simultaneously working as practitioners in secular workplaces. The authors outline strategies on ways to provide training, integrate modeling, create resources, and give feedback to foster self-efficacy regarding faith integration so that adjunct faculty can confidently represent the institution’s faith tradition in their classes.

Author Biographies

  • Dr. Lori B. Doyle, Concordia University Irvine

    Dr. Lori B. Doyle

    Associate Professor in the School of Education

    Director of the Master of Arts in Educational Leadership programs

    Assistant Director of the Servant Leadership Institute

    Concordia University Irvine 

    1530 Concordia, Irvine, CA 92612

  • Dr. Tanya M. Tarbutton, Concordia University Irvine

    Tanya Tarbutton, Ed.D
    Professor, School of Education
    Sr. Director, MA Programs 
    Concordia University Irvine
    1530 Concordia West, Irvine, CA 92612

References

American Association of University Professors (AAUP). (2014). Contingent appointments and the academic profession. http://www.aaup.org/report/contingent-appointments-and-academic-profession

Anderson, T., Rourke, L.,Garrison, D., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing teaching presence in a computer conference context. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5(2), 1-17.

https://auspace.athabascau.ca/bitstream/handle/2149/725/assess?sequence=1

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.

Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

Bandura, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(3), 359-373. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1986.4.3.359

Cai, D., Liu, S., Liu, J., Yao, L., & Jia, X. (2021). Mentoring and newcomer well-being: A socialization resources perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 36(3), 285-298. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-08-2019-0485

Castellanos-Reyes, D. (2020). 20 years of the Community of Inquiry framework. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 64(4), 557–560. https://doi-org/10.1007/s11528-020-00491-7

Fiock, H. S. (2020). Designing a community of inquiry in online courses. International Review of Research in Open & Distance Learning, 21(1), 134–152. https://doi-org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.3985

Fuller, R., Brown, M. K., & Smith, K. (Eds.). (2023). Adjunct faculty voices: Cultivating professional development and community at the front lines of higher education. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003442882

Garrison, D. (2009). Communities of inquiry in online learning. Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, 1(01), 352-355. 10.4018/978-1-60566-198--8.ch052

Garrison, D., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)000016-6

Gomez, F. C., Trespalacios, J., Hsu, Y. C., & Yang, D. (2022). Exploring teachers’ technology integration self-efficacy through the 2017 ISTE Standards. TechTrends, 1-13.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-021-00639-z

Hampton, D., Culp-Roche, A., Hensley, A., Wilson, J., Otts, J. A., Thaxton-Wiggins, A., Fruh, S., & Moser, D. K. (2020). Self-efficacy and satisfaction with teaching in online courses. Nurse educator, 45(6), 302-306. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000805

Marcionetti, J., & Castelli, L. (2022). The job and life satisfaction of teachers: a social cognitive model integrating teachers’ burnout, self-efficacy, dispositional optimism, and social support. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-021-09516-w

National Center for Education Statistics. (2021). Distance education in college: What do we know from IPEDS? https://nces.ed.gov/blogs/nces/post/distance-education-in-college-what-do-we-know-from-ipeds

Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2007). Dimensions of teacher self-efficacy and relations with strain factors, perceived collective teacher efficacy, and teacher burnout. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3), 611–625. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.611

Sprinrad, M. L., Relles, S. R., & Watson, D. L. (2022). Not in the greater good: Academic capitalism and faculty labor in higher education. Education Sciences, 912 (12), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120912

Tarbutton, T., & Swisher, J. (2023). Adjunct faculty & institutional identity: Toward a model for acculturation. Journal of Organizational & Educational Leadership: 9(1), Article 3. https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/joel/vol9/iss1/3

U.S. Bureau of Labour. (2024). Occupational outlook handbook.

https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/postsecondary-teachers.htm

World Economic Forum. (2022). The upward trend in online learning.

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/01/online-learning-courses-reskill-skills-gap

Yildirim, D., & Seferoglu, S. S. (2021). Evaluation of the effectiveness of online courses based on the Community of Inquiry model. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education (TOJDE), 22(2), 147–163. https://doi-org/10.17718/tojde.906834

Downloads

Published

08/03/2025

How to Cite

Faith Integration in Online Programs: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Fostering Confidence Among Adjunct Faculty. (2025). Journal of Faith in the Academic Profession, 4(1), 21-26. https://cbuopenpublishing.org/index.php/jfap/article/view/69

Similar Articles

11-20 of 28

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.